“¡Oh, desdichada España!” El ocaso del Imperio español y el Siglo de Oro de su cultura: Un testimonio de la crisis

El presente artículo ha sido pensado como una herramienta didáctica más que como un ensayo y pretende poner en clave histórica una de las letrillas satíricas de Quevedo más conocidas, dejando de lado el análisis literario, que nos excede. Revisar los escritos de Quevedo nos pone en perspectiva del papel que los escritores del Siglo de Oro han tenido en preservar la imagen melancólica de la España Imperial, inserta en la profunda complejidad del mundo Barroco

El Príncipe cristiano: La Fe y la Virtud frente a la Razón de Estado

La historiografía europea actual sobre la Modernidad clásica ha vuelto su mirada hacia el problema del Estado y la conservación del poder, desde distintas perspectivas. Una de ellas analiza la cuestión denominada “Razón de Estado” y la recepción o rechazo a los argumentos que sustentan dicha concepción durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Este debate intelectual en torno a la cuestión mencionada se produce en Europa durante la etapa de transición hacia el Barroco para justificar la consolidación de las monarquías absolutas, en el contexto del cisma protestante. Sin embargo, no es extraño que este debate del siglo XVII adquiera interés justamente en nuestro tiempo, cuando el relativismo cultural, las transformaciones en los Estado-nación de Europa y las crisis económicas, se enlazan con los fundamentalismos. Todo ello vuelve a poner en perspectiva la cuestión ética y el fundamental papel que la religión tiene en la unidad de los pueblos. El presente trabajo aborda, pues, uno de los elementos centrales de la cultura política en la transición hacia el siglo XVII, a través de la crítica que el Padre Pedro de Ribadeneyra S. J. realiza a la Razón de Estado encarnada en el modelo de príncipe que sostiene Nicolás Maquiavelo; y el concepto de Príncipe Cristiano que surge a partir de tal oposición

Adaptació al castellà del Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire - 4+ : propietats psicomètriques en població clínica i en estudiants /

Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaConsultable des del TDXEl PDQ-4+ (Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+; Hyler, 1994) és un qüestionari d'autoinforme que diagnostica els 10 trastorns de la personalitat i els 2 de l'apèndix del DSM-IV. Els seus 99 ítems en un format de resposta de V/F són una traducció directa dels criteris diagnòstics dels TP de l'eix II. Inclou dues escales de control de respostes, anomenades Conformitat social i Infreqüència. A diferència dels seus predecessors, el PDQ-4+ disposa de l'escala de Significació clínica, que és una breu entrevista que s'administra després del qüestionari. El seu objectiu és reduir el nombre de falsos positius que tendeix a generar el propi autoinforme, confirmant així els possibles diagnòstics. Versions prèvies de l'instrument han mostrat adequada fiabilitat test-restest, elevada sensibilitat i baixa especificitat. Aquest treball ha tingut com a objectius: 1) la traducció i l'adaptació del PDQ-4+ al castellà; i 2) l'estudi de les seves propietats psicomètriques en una mostra clínica de 437 pacients psiquiàtrics (Estudi 1), i en una mostra no clínica, formada per 684 estudiants (Estudi 2). Per assolir el primer objectiu s'ha procedit a la traducció de l'anglès al castellà del qüestionari i a la aplicació posterior del mètode de retrotraducció (back translation). Per assolir el segon objectiu, s'han analitzat la fiabilitat; l'estructura interna; la validesa concurrent, convergent i discriminant tot contrastant les dades del PDQ-4+ amb les obtingudes amb altres instruments d'avaluació (TCI, EPQ-R, MCMI-II i KSP); s'ha estudiat l'escala de Significació clínica en la primera mostra; i s'han comparat els resultats de les dues mostres

Older Americans On The Go: Financial and Psychological Effects of Moving

Moving is an important decision for any homeowner, requiring one to weigh the familiar comforts of a home and neighborhood against the uncertain potential of a new location. A move decision may be even more challenging for an older person. On the one hand, older people often have a decades-long attachment to their current residence. On the other hand, they may face new opportunities (ample leisure time) or challenges (the loss of a spouse) that affect their desire or ability to stay where they are. This brief is the second of two examining moving decisions among older Americans. The first brief covered how often older households move, where they move, and their stated reasons for moving. An initial analysis of these reasons indicated two general types of movers: those who are able to affirmatively plan a move (“Planners”) and those who react to a change in their circumstances that may force them to relocate (“Reactors”). Given the different stated motivations of these movers, the determinants and consequences of their move decisions may vary. This brief tests these hypotheses, using the Health and Retirement Study. The first section introduces the sample of households used in the analysis. The second section analyzes what characteristics influence a decision to move. The third section looks at the impact of moving on home equity, while the fourth section considers the impact on psychological well-being. The final section concludes.

Negative modulation of the GABAAρ1 receptor function by l-cysteine

l-Cysteine is an endogenous sulfur-containing amino acid with multiple and varied roles in the central nervous system, including neuroprotection and the maintenance of the redox balance. However, it was also suggested as an excitotoxic agent implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as Parkinson′s and Alzheimer′s disease. l-Cysteine can modulate the activity of ionic channels, including voltage-gated calcium channels and glutamatergic NMDA receptors, whereas its effects on GABAergic neurotransmission had not been studied before. In the present work, we analyzed the effects of l-cysteine on responses mediated by homomeric GABAAρ1 receptors, which are known for mediating tonic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses in retinal neurons. GABAAρ1 receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and GABA-evoked chloride currents recorded by two-electrode voltage-clamp in the presence or absence of l-cysteine. l-Cysteine antagonized GABAAρ1 receptor-mediated responses; inhibition was dose-dependent, reversible, voltage independent, and susceptible to GABA concentration. Concentration-response curves for GABA were shifted to the right in the presence of l-cysteine without a substantial change in the maximal response. l-Cysteine inhibition was insensitive to chemical protection of the sulfhydryl groups of the ρ1 subunits by the irreversible alkylating agent N-ethyl maleimide. Our results suggest that redox modulation is not involved during l-cysteine actions and that l-cysteine might be acting as a competitive antagonist of the GABAAρ1 receptors. (Figure presented.).Fil: Beltrán González, Andrea Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Vicentini, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Calvo, Daniel Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentin

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Modoki signal in the stratosphere

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to be the largest source of interannual variability in the tropical troposphere. However, the variability in the tropical Pacific since 1979 seems to be associated not only with "canonical" ENSO events but also with a variation thereof known as ENSO Modoki, which is characterized by warm anomalies in the central Pacific, west from those occurring during a typical ENSO. This works analyzes the signal of ENSO Modoki in the stratosphere and compares it to canonical ENSO by using the chemistry-climate Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3.5). The results reveal a significant warming in the Southern Hemisphere polar stratosphere during boreal winter months, which propagates downward in early spring; this is absent during canonical warm ENSO events. On the other hand, in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere, the anomalous warming typical of canonical El Niño episodes during boreal winter is not statistically significant during El Niño Modoki events. These differences are related in WACCM3.5 to changes in tropical convection and tropospheric teleconnections associated with each type of event. In particular, an enhancement and westward displacement of the anomalous convective area during El Niño Modoki episodes is related to an intensification of the Pacific South American teleconnection pattern and a weakening of the Aleutian Low. During cold ENSO Modoki events a significant anomalous cooling is present in the model simulations

Wave Forcing of the Tropical Upwelling in the Lower Stratosphere under Increasing Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases

Two simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, covering the periods 1950-2003 and 1980-2050, are used to investigate the nature of the waves that force the increase of the tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere as the concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Decomposition of the wave field resolved by the model into stationary and transient wavenumber spectra allows attribution of trends in the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux and its divergence to specific wave components. This analysis reveals that enhanced dissipation of stationary planetary waves is the main driver of trends in the tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere. The contribution of transient waves is smaller and is responsible mainly for trends in wave forcing in the subtropics and middle latitudes, which, however, provide only minor contributions to the mean tropical upwelling. Examination of individual wave structures shows that the stationary waves are tropical Rossby waves trapped in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, whereas the transient components are synoptic waves present in the subtropics and middle latitudes. The authors also present evidence that trends in resolved wave forcing in the lower stratosphere are due to both changes in wave transmissivity and changes in wave excitation, with the first mechanism dominating the behavior of the simulation during the last half of the twentieth century, while the second is clearly more important in the simulation during the first half of the twenty-first century

PTHrP treatment of colon cancer cells promotes tumor associated-angiogenesis by the effect of VEGF

We showed that Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide (PTHrP) induces proliferation, migration, survival and chemoresistance via MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The objective of this study was to investigate if PTHrP is also involved in tumor angiogenesis. PTHrP increased VEGF expression and the number of structures with characteristics of neoformed vessels in xenografts tumor. Also, PTHrP increased mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF-1α and MMP-9 via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways in Caco-2 and HCT116 cells. Tumor conditioned media (TCMs) from both cell lines treated with PTHrP increases the number of cells, the migration and the tube formation in the endothelial HMEC-1 cells, whereas the neutralizing antibody against VEGF diminished this response. In contrast, PTHrP by direct treatment only increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the HMEC-1 cells number. These results provide the first evidence related to the mode of action of PTHrP that leads to its proangiogenic effects in the CRC.Fil: Calvo, Natalia Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Carriere, Pedro Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Martín, María Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Gigola, Graciela. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Gentili, Claudia Rosana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; Argentin

Can a Soil Mineralization Test Improve Wheat and Corn Nitrogen Diagnosis?

A network of field studies determined that the traditional method for predicting soil N availability …a pre-plant nitrate test … can be combined with an indicator of soil N mineralization capacity to significantly improve the diagnosis for soil N availability for both wheat and corn.Fil: Reussi Calvo, Nahuel Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Laboratiorio de Suelos. Fertilab; ArgentinaFil: Echeverría, Hector E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Sainz Rozas, Hernan Rene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Berardo, Angel. Laboratiorio de Suelos. Fertilab; ArgentinaFil: Diovisalvi, Natalia. Laboratiorio de Suelos. Fertilab; Argentin

Realidad aumentada y periodismo: análisis de 10 estudios de caso en televisión, prensa y plataformas digitales

Augmented reality has inaugurated new developments that enable the creation of content of various kinds. Based on the case study methodology, the work analyzes 10 successful experiences of using augmented reality linked to television, the press and digital media. The investigation concludes that the use of augmented reality without a journalistic purpose can harm the media.La realidad aumentada ha inaugurado nuevos desarrollos que posibilitan la creación de contenidos de diversa índole. A partir de la metodología del estudio de caso, el trabajo analiza 10 experiencias de éxito de uso de la realidad aumentada vinculadas con la televisión, la prensa y los cibermedios. La investigación concluye que el uso de la realidad aumentada sin una finalidad periodística puede perjudicar a los medios